[Leica] IMG: My World is Upside Down

[Brian Reid]

When water freezes, it expands. This is why if you freeze a canned or 
bottled beverage, the container will rupture.

The water on the surface of the birdbath froze in a thin sheet, and then 
as it continued to freeze deeper, the newly-formed ice had to go 
somewhere. It went up.

Road asphalt expands when it gets hot; you've probably seen roads 
buckled from the heat, like these:

https://media2.kobi5.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/seattle-road.jpg?x18239

https://cdn20.patchcdn.com/users/22909805/20170417/031832/styles/T600x450/public/article_images/screen_shot_2017-04-17_at_31741_pm-1492456689-3250.jpg

or with a nod to Ric Carter, like these railroad tracks:
https://toolkit.climate.gov/sites/default/files/styles/large/public/BuckledRail.jpg?itok=n8yTM6rZ

Same principle. Expanding asphalt or rails must go somewhere.
Likewise, expanding ice has to go somewhere.


On 2019-12-19 9:37 am, Jim Nichols wrote:
> Last night the temperature got down into the 20s F.  This morning, I
> glanced out at a bird bath that stands in a clear area of the yard,
> with nothing above it.  The water in the bird bath appeared frozen, as
> I would expect, but a clear icicle was standing about eight inches
> tall.
> 
> What caused this?
> 
> http://www.gallery.leica-users.org/v/OldNick/20191219-DSCF1538.JPG.html
> 
> http://www.gallery.leica-users.org/v/OldNick/20191219-DSCF1539.JPG.html
> 
> I'm sure someone must have the answer.